当今汽车的5种人机界面趋势

趋势一

 屏幕 

汽车HMI中最直观的交互方式之一便是通过屏幕和显示器。在任何车辆中，乘员都能控制音频系统的输出，好比通过按屏幕上的按钮来改变广播电台、选择输入设备、浏览导航说明等。以菲亚特克莱斯勒的Uconnect 12.0信息娱乐系统以及特斯拉的15英寸纵向触摸屏为例，部分操作系统还将加热，通风和空调（HVAC）控制集成到了屏幕中。

完全可定制的全数字仪表显示也是HMI在屏幕上的一个很好的体现，比如说方向盘控件可以让你操纵仪表盘上的信息。

图｜NXP联合Unity HMI的显示屏案例

整个行业正在走向越来越多基于屏幕的内饰。信息娱乐屏幕将变得越来越大，例如Byton M-Byte的48英寸一体化大屏，以及福特Mach E电动SUV中15.5英寸的屏幕。

趋势三

 触觉反馈 

即使语音命令占据了较高的位置，触摸技术也依然是汽车HMI中极其重要的。当前，触觉反馈是指长按手机触摸屏或信息娱乐屏幕时，会给予一个碰撞的反馈。正在进行的研究将使触觉反馈达到新的高度。

图片来源｜映维网

手势控制

宝马已经使用了手势技术，摄像头可以“看见”空中的手部动作，从而执行车载功能。手势控制必然会以某种方式进入主流汽车制造商。更高一级的反馈方式可能便是Ultrahaptics正在研究利用超声技术在空气中产生虚拟触摸响应感的技术。

趋势五

 虚拟助手 

虽说虚拟助手（例如Google Assistant，Siri和Amazon Alexa）与汽车HMI中的语音命令重叠，但它们在汽车上的用途有所差异。虚拟助手并不执行车辆功能，而是通过语音命令由人工智能（AI）来为驾驶员提供服务。

图｜宝马个人助理，图源cnBeta

虚拟助手当前可以连接应用部分，比如说安排维修预约，在日历中添加提醒或在您最喜欢的餐厅进行预订。

在未来，驾驶员可以在车辆中使用虚拟助手进行对话或陪伴，根据实时交通数据建议驾驶路线，或者根据您的情绪和身体举止推荐新的播客。

Author / Editor: Jason Unrau / Erika Granath

The human-machine interaction (HMI) story isever-evolving, especially in the automotive industry. How drivers andpassengers interact with their vehicle differs from just a few years ago, andit will be very different in the future.

When you sit in the driver's seat of a well-equipped cartoday, buttons and screens dominate the dash, steering wheel, and instrumentpanel. Odds are that many of the features are new to you, either functionallyor conceptually. However, it's designed for you to familiarize yourself with itfast and start using it naturally without much effort.

Ensuring that technology can be understood and used byalmost anyone is central for engineers of next-gen vehicles. It goes by theterm human-machine interface, or HMI.

What's a Human-Machine Interface?

A human-machine interface can be described as any controlthat allows a person to connect to a machine, system, or device. To use theOxford Dictionary definition of 'interface' may help clarify HMI further:"A point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc. meet andinteract." A second computing-related definition reads, "A device orprogram enabling a user to communicate with a computer."

HMI applies to infotainment screens, touchpads,navigation buttons, or even simple single-function controls. The human-machineinteraction may or may not be tangible; rather, audible and actionable resultsare also included in HMI.

5 Human-Machine Interface trends in 2020

The definition leaves HMI nebulous and wide open tointerpretation. These five trends in HMI for automotive purposes may helpclarify ways in which humans and machines interact in cars.

Screens

One of the clearest examples of HMI in automotive isthrough screens and displays. In any vehicle, the occupants can manipulate theaudio system's output by pressing a button on the screen to change radiostations, select input devices, explore navigation instructions, and more. Somesystems like Fiat Chrysler Automotive's Uconnect 12.0 infotainment system, aswell as Tesla's 15-inch portrait-oriented touchscreen, incorporate heating,ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) controls into the screen also.Fully-customizable, fully-digital instrument cluster displays are also a greatexample of HMI in screens as steering wheel controls let you manipulateinformation on the cluster.

The industry is going towards an increasinglyscreen-based interior. More real estate will be occupied by infotainmentscreens as evidenced by Byton M-Byte's 48-inch wide display, and Ford's15.5-inch screen in the mass-market Mach E electric SUV.

Voice Commands

A dominant technology in automotive applications is voicecontrol. Experts forecast that by 2022, voice controls will be integral in 80percent of in-vehicle HMIs. That doesn't account for voice recognition systemsused in smartphones. Today, most HMIs use voice commands for conveniencefactors like controlling audio systems and placing and receiving phone calls.

As voice recognition technology advances, so do theapplications. In the future, natural language commands will likely be capableof performing complex functions from adjusting follow distance in adaptivecruise control to autonomously taking a passenger to their destination withoutphysical steering, braking, and acceleration input at all.

Haptic Touch

The science of touch is still essential for HMI in cars,even as voice commands take a higher place. Currently, haptic touch is thefeeling of a phone's touchscreen or an infotainment screen that 'bumps' youback when you make a long press. Research is underway that will take haptics tonew heights.

Gesture technology is already in use by BMW, where handmovements in the air are 'seen' by cameras to perform in-vehicle functions.Gesture control will certainly enter mainstream carmakers in some capacity.Taking it further, Ultrahaptics is working on technology to give the sensationof virtual touch response in the air using ultrasound.

Drive by Wire

HMI doesn't always have to be a grand, visible system. Asearly as the late '80s, drive-by-wire has been used for throttle control oncars rather than a mechanical throttle cable. Electric power steering hasallowed for steering input absent a driver that allows for autonomy. Ford'sEnhanced Active Park Assist uses this technology to help you in both paralleland perpendicular parking situations.

Future HMI in drive-by-wire and steer-by-wire systemsautomate vehicle controls. Rather than the constant go, stop, and steer motionsa driver must do, commands to their machine alleviate the need forattentiveness and active participation.

Virtual Assistants

While virtual assistants like Google Assistant, Siri, andAmazon Alexa overlap with HMI voice commands, they serve a somewhat separatepurpose in automotive. Rather than performing vehicle functions, virtualassistants act as a concierge for the driver through voice command and poweredby Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Virtual assistants can currently connect with the servicedepartment to schedule a maintenance appointment, add a reminder to yourcalendar, or make a reservation at your favorite restaurant.

In the future, you could be using a virtual assistant inyour vehicle to hold a conversation or keep you company, suggest driving routesbased on real-time traffic data, or recommend a new podcast based on youremotional and physical demeanor.

推荐阅读：

• 汽车HMI开发流程以及六大设计原则
  

• 第二届汽车抬头显示HUD高峰论坛精彩回顾
  

• 欢迎加入汽车HMI资源交流群
  

• 从0到1看看汽车智能语音助手该如何设计？
  

活动推荐：

原文始发于微信公众号（智能汽车俱乐部）：当今汽车的5种人机界面趋势